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TRADE AND BUSINESS

Trade and Business 经济与贸易

Manchester’s Chinatown is the largest in the UK outside London.  It plays a vital role in the social, cultural and economic life of the area.  In 1986, Manchester was twinned with Wuhan to stimulate business links with China.  The Chinese Imperial Arch was a collaboration between the cities of Wuhan and Manchester.  It was erected in Chinatown in 1987.

The first Chinese settlers arrived in Greater Manchester at the end of the nineteenth century.   Many were servants in the homes of wealthy industrialists and some were students at the University of Manchester.  By the early 1900s, many Chinese were employed in laundries.

From the 1950s, there was significant immigration to the UK from New Territories, Hong Kong.  Many enterprising people came to Manchester and established take-aways and restaurants in the city.  Originally, these catered for Chinese workers but by the 1970s, Mancunians had begun to develop a taste for the new fast food and fine cuisine on offer. In the 1990s bean sprout, bean curd, noodle and pancake factories opened to serve the many Chinese take-aways and restaurants.

 The twinning of Manchester with Wuhan in 1986 and the establishment of the China-Britain Business Council North West helped create better business links. Raymond Chan is the Chair of the Manchester Business Association. Gerry Yeung, MBE, owner of the Yang Sing restaurant was the first Chinese Chair of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce and Industry (2003-04).

曼彻斯特的唐人街是除伦敦以外英国最大的。它在该地区的社会，文化和经济生活起了重要作用。为了加强与中国的商业联系，1986年曼彻斯特与武汉结为姐妹城市，并于1987年携手共建了唐人街中华楼牌。这座楼牌昂然挺立，它象征着姐妹城市间的真挚友谊。

在十九世纪末、二十世纪初，第一批华人抵达曼彻斯特。他们当中，除了小部分是曼彻斯特大学的学生，大多数则通常是在富商家中作仆人或在洗衣店工作。

从20世纪50年代开始，大量的华人从香港的新界来到英国。随着在曼城华人数量的增多，他们当中的一些具备生意头脑的人在市中心开设了广东风味的中餐馆来服务在曼城工作的华人。到了70年代，曼城本地人也开始尝试并接受了美味的新式快餐——粤菜。

“ The government now impose the rule that you have to be qualified to hire staff from abroad. It undermines the importance of the culture from the Far East. Now, you need to apply for and pay for the right to employ staff from Hong Kong. I've never heard of it before! I understand if it is for a CEO, but for Chef? The take-aways and restaurants all have the same problem: we can't find good chefs. China Town is dying, not because we're lazy, but because we are struggling. “
“英国政府现在实施新政策，雇主必须要具备一定的资质才能雇佣外籍员工，这无疑不利于雇佣来自远东的劳工。现在如果想雇佣一个香港人，雇主得向英国政府申请并且提供各种担保，这真是闻所未闻！如果聘请的是总裁，那 “

~ Raymond Wong 黄

“ We have a family farm here, owned now by my brothers. My mother used to sell chickens to Chinese take-aways and restaurants. In those days the law was slack; but now with bird flu you aren't allowed to kill the chickens. We used to sell them as fresh products. “
”我们在这里有一个家庭式农场，现在归我的兄弟们所有了。过去我母亲把活鸡卖给中国餐厅。那时候法律比较宽松，现在因为禽流感我们就不准杀鸡了。”

~ Jack Haslam 陆英才

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